World Court Rules States Must Curb Emissions to Protect Climate

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued an advisory opinion affirming States’ legal obligations to protect the environment by curbing greenhouse gas emissions and cooperating under international law, including the Paris Agreement.

• The ICJ ruled that States must act with due diligence to limit global warming to 1.5°C and face legal responsibility if they breach these obligations, including ceasing wrongful conduct and making reparations.
• The advisory opinion was requested by Vanuatu and supported by many UN Member States, marking the largest case in ICJ history with 91 written statements and 97 States participating orally.