Global Climate News

The Solomon Islands Government, with support from the International Organization for Migration (IOM), launched the Planned Relocation Guidelines in 2022. - **Main announcement/action:** The article reports on the implementation and context of the **Planned Relocation Guidelines (2022)** supported by **IOM** to manage community moves from high-risk areas; it highlights **Sikaiana** specifics: population **~300**, area **less than two square kilometres**, located **more than 200 kilometres** from the nearest main island, and the atoll rises **just four metres above sea level**. Seawalls are described as **too costly**, leaving **relocation as the only viable option**. - **Background and other details:** The piece documents daily impacts—**saltwater intrusion**, **contaminated wells**, **flooded gardens**, and **water scarcity**—and notes the issue will be discussed at **UN Climate Conference (COP30)** in Belém, Brazil. - COP30: **location:** Belém, Brazil; **subject/agenda:** threats to small islands and planned relocation measures (as noted in the article).

Brazil will chair COP30 in Belém (10-21 November 2025). - **Main announcement & logistics:** COP30 will be held in **Belém, Brazil (10–21 November 2025)** and will be **chaired by Brazil**; it will be **preceded by a Heads of State and Government Summit on 6–7 November 2025**, which will be attended by the **President of the French Republic**. France and the **European Union** stand alongside Brazil to support an ambitious COP30, and France is participating in commemorations for the **10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement on 12 December 2025** with a joint **"10 years of the Paris Agreement" label** launched with Brazil and the United Nations to support events before and during COP30. - **Background, commitments and timelines:** France allocates **one third of its climate financing annually to adaptation**; **CREWS** has expanded early warning protection to **over 111 million people**; France supports the **Fund for responding to Loss and Damage**, whose **first projects are set to launch in 2026**. France calls for COP30 outcomes to include a decision on **strengthening mitigation** (including speeding up implementation of COP28 fossil-fuel transition guidance) and to mobilize **non-state actors, multilateral banks and cities** for national implementation.

The Marine Management Organisation (MMO) granted a 10-year marine licence to Premier Marinas for maintenance dredging of Brighton Marina with disposal at the Rottingdean/Beachy Head West site and later notified it would not defend a judicial review brought by Sussex Wildlife Trust. - **Main announcement:** The MMO **determined** to grant a marine licence (MLA/2024/00394) to **Premier Marinas** for maintenance dredging of **Brighton Marina** with works licensed **June 2025 to May 2035**, permitting up to **78,000 m3 per campaign**, dredge depth **2 m bcd**, and **1,000,000 wet tonnes** to be deposited at the Brighton/Rottingdean disposal site; the licence was **granted with conditions** and is available on the public register. - **Background & process:** The MMO carried out statutory assessments (MCZ Stage 1, Marine Planning Policy, Water Framework, Waste Regulations), concluded **no EIA required under Schedules A1/A2**, consulted bodies including **Natural England, Environment Agency, Cefas, Historic England, RSPB**, ran a public consultation (30 Aug–27 Sep 2024; advertised in **Brighton Argus**), requested further information from the applicant (documents provided 26 Nov 2024), and subsequently **notified the judge of its intention not to defend** the judicial review on a point raised by **Sussex Wildlife Trust** regarding consideration of avoidance/minimisation/mitigation of impacts on marine protected areas.

Minister Dr Dion George has finalized determinations for approximately 150 abalone appeal decisions. - **Main action:** Final determination of approximately **150 appeals** arising from refusals of exemptions under the **Marine Living Resources Act**; the Department’s verification found many appellants **breached permit conditions**, leading to denial of exemptions. - **Background and follow-up:** **Abalone rights reverted to the State in 2014** and the fishery was managed via annual exemptions to support former right holders; the Minister has instructed the **Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE)** to **review and formalize the management framework** to strengthen regulation and balance conservation with coastal community livelihoods. Contact emails and media contacts provided for enquiries.

President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva announced Brazilian commitments on forests, oceans and a new conservation finance mechanism (TFFF) at the COP30 Leaders' Summit in Belém on 6 November 2025. - **Main announcement:** Brazil launched the **Fundo Florestas Tropicais para Sempre (TFFF)** to create a market for conservation, with **more than US$5.5 billion already announced** and an **expected US$25 billion** in investor and other contributions in the first years; the fund will **remunerate investors** while generating income for countries that preserve standing forest and aims to establish a **robust and equitable financial architecture** for conservation. - **Additional commitments and context:** Brazil reported **>50% reduction in Amazon deforestation** to the lowest rate in 11 years and **reiterated zero deforestation by 2030**, set a target to **restore 40 million hectares of degraded pasture within the next decade**, pledged to **ratify the High Seas Treaty by end of 2025**, and to increase **marine protected area coverage from 26% to 30%**; - Event details: **COP30 Leaders' Summit** speech on **6 November 2025** in **Belém, Pará, Brazil**; COP30 conference scheduled **10–21 November 2025**; summit programming continued on **7 November 2025**.

The authors (Moneron et al.) report that the Messinian Ebro Basin experienced a catastrophic lake outburst and complete drainage during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC), producing an initial extreme discharge and subsequent more moderate fluvial phases. - **Main result:** Using high-resolution 3D seismic reflection data covering ~2700 km² and paleo-stream geomorphic analysis, the study documents an initial outflow (channel dubbed **“C0”**) with an estimated peak discharge of **~2.4 × 10⁵ m³/s**, carving a **~700 m deep** valley, followed by more moderate channels (C1–C4) forming alluvial terraces. The timing is constrained to the MSC drawdown (~5.60–5.36 Ma). Key measured quantities: **catchment ≥1070 km²**, **stacked terrace offset ~150 m**, and inferred incision rates of **5.4–9.3 mm/yr**. - **Background and context:** The paper contrasts earlier models that placed Ebro drainage opening at ~13.5–8.5 Ma; here the authors argue regressive erosion during the MSC lowstand triggered a basin-scale outburst flood. Methods and data: **3D seismic mapping**, depth map of the Messinian Erosion Surface (MES), stream-profile analyses, discharge estimates using channel width and Manning’s equation.

The UK is leading development of ESA's first Scout mission, HydroGNSS, with SSTL designing, building and operating two ~65 kg satellites for launch in November 2025 on a SpaceX rocket; the mission is funded by the UK Space Agency (£26 million) and ESA. - **Main announcement/action:** HydroGNSS is the first ESA Scout mission **led by the UK** and built by **Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL)**; it comprises **two ~65 kg satellites**, uses **GNSS-Reflectometry**, is scheduled to **launch November 2025 on SpaceX**, has a **planned operational life of 3 years** (extendable to 5–6 years), and targets sensitivity of **0.7–3.8 dB per 10%** change with **spatial resolution 2–7 km** to measure soil moisture, permafrost, inundation, biomass, wind speed and sea ice extent. - **Background and partners/details:** The mission is funded via **£26 million from the UK Space Agency** and ESA’s Scout programme with early-stage support from the **Centre for Earth Observation Instrumentation**; UK and European partners include **Sapienza, Tor Vergata, IFAC-CNR (Italy), FMI (Finland), ICE/IEEC (Spain), NOC (UK), University of Nottingham**. A separate Scout mission, **CubeMAP**, is led scientifically by the UK with an industrial contract to **GomSpace** to build a constellation of **three 12-litre cubesats** carrying thermal infrared spectrometers and a visible NIR hyperspectral solar-disk imager.

The Canadian Coast Guard laid the keel for the Arctic and Offshore Patrol Ship CCGS Sermilik at Irving Shipbuilding in Halifax on November 6, 2025. - **Main announcement/action:** The **keel was laid** for the CCGS **Sermilik** at **Irving Shipbuilding Inc.** in Halifax; the vessel is an **ice-capable Arctic and Offshore Patrol Ship** that will support **fisheries enforcement**, **scientific research**, **environmental response**, **navigation maintenance**, **search and rescue**, and **icebreaking** operations. - Date: **November 6, 2025**; Location: **Irving Shipbuilding, Halifax, Nova Scotia**; Agenda/subject: ceremonial keel-laying with commemorative coin placement and formal recognition of the construction milestone. - **Background and details:** The project is part of the **National Shipbuilding Strategy**; the Arctic and Offshore Patrol Ships program is estimated to contribute **$125M annually** to Canada’s GDP and create or maintain **close to 1,250 jobs annually** over the **2022–2030** period. The CCGS Sermilik is the **eighth** Arctic and Offshore Patrol Ship built under the strategy, with six delivered to the Royal Canadian Navy and two currently under construction for the Canadian Coast Guard.

UN Secretary-General António Guterres urged world leaders at COP30 in Belém to urgently cut emissions, drive down global temperatures and keep the 1.5°C goal within reach. - **Main action:** UN Secretary-General António Guterres called for **rapid emissions cuts**, an **accelerated phase-out of fossil fuels**, and **stronger protection of forests and oceans** to avoid breaching the 1.5°C limit; his remarks were delivered to leaders at **COP30 in Belém, Brazil** on **6 November 2025**. - Event details: **Date:** 6 November 2025; **Time:** not stated; **Location:** Belém, Brazil; **Agenda/subject:** COP30 leaders' plenary focused on limiting warming, protecting forests and oceans, and accelerating clean energy transitions. - **Background and supporting facts:** The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reported **January–August 2025 average temperature ~1.42°C above pre-industrial levels**, warned 2015–2025 is the hottest 11-year stretch on record, and stated **2025 is projected to be the second or third warmest year**; the Secretary-General noted **investments in renewables now exceed those in fossil fuels by $800 billion**, and COP30 Special Envoy for the Ocean Marinez Scherer (Federal University of Santa Catarina) highlighted the ocean receives **less than 1% of global climate finance**.

Greenpeace organisations across Europe announced and executed a multi-country ship tour and direct actions to protest fossil gas infrastructure and demand a ban on new fossil fuel projects and a full phase-out of fossil gas by 2035. - **Main action:** Greenpeace ran a 7-month, multi-country **Stop Fossil Gas Ship Tour** using the ships **Arctic Sunrise** and **Witness**, conducting protests and open-boat events in **Spain (Avilés)**, **Belgium (Zeebrugge)**, **Italy (Venice, Ravenna)**, **Croatia (Pula)**, **Greece (Heraklion, Volos, Alexandroupolis FSRU)**, **Poland (Baltic Sea/Nord Stream)** and **Germany (Stralsund, Borkum)**. Key concrete facts: activists **climbed a 135-metre platform** in Pula, **dived 50 metres** to the Nord Stream pipelines in the Baltic Sea, the finale involved **about 29 hours on the water** in Zeebrugge and **at least two LNG ships were delayed or rerouted**, and **more than 100,000 people** have signed the open letter demanding action. - **Background and demands:** The campaign targeted **Russian and U.S. LNG shipments** and national plans to import fracked gas (noting Italy/Ravenna and references to U.S. imports). Greenpeace calls on the **European Union and member states** to **ban new fossil fuel projects** and to **phase out fossil gas by 2035 at the latest**; the open letter and campaign URLs were repeatedly promoted. No commercial deals or funding commitments were announced.

The authors (Yara Hossam et al.) have published a non-peer-reviewed preprint reviewing underexplored AI paradigms for marine PET management and proposing a forward-looking research agenda. - **Main action:** The review **identifies underrepresented AI paradigms** (reinforcement learning, generative AI, Edge AI, soft robotics, federated learning, explainable AI, decision support systems, and large multimodal models) for **marine PET waste management**, reports bibliometric search results (**237** Web of Science records and **580** Scopus records), and provides dataset pointers (TrashNet, SeaClear, TACO, MARIDA, PoTATO) and implementation pathways for detection, collection, biodegradation, and policy support. - **Background & details:** The article synthesizes existing literature where available (e.g., RL, Edge AI, soft robotics), highlights sparse areas (federated learning, LMMs), and documents concrete technical proposals such as **Edge AI** for on-device detection, **RL** for autonomous collection and policy optimization, **soft robots** for enzyme deployment, and **GenAI/LMMs** for synthetic-data augmentation and domain-specific models. No financial commitments or timelines are reported.