European Commission Report on Competition Policy and Market Developments 2025

The European Commission published the Staff Working Document accompanying its Report on Competition Policy 2025 (SWD(2026)125 final), presenting enforcement and policy developments across antitrust, merger control, State aid, the Digital Markets Act (DMA) and the Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR).

• Main announcement: The European Commission (DG Competition) sets out 2025 enforcement outcomes and policy work: 384 merger notifications, 370 merger decisions, major cartel fines (e.g., ~EUR 458 million on 15 carmakers; EUR 329 million on Delivery Hero and Glovo), the launch and adoption of major rule reviews (revision of Regulation 1/2003 launched 10 July 2025; Merger Guidelines review in 2025), and the adoption of the Clean Industrial Deal State Aid Framework (CISAF) on 25 June 2025. The document reports multiple State aid approvals and notifications under CISAF totalling approx. EUR 18.43 billion notified and highlights sectoral actions (energy, clean tech manufacturing, hydrogen auctions, renewables, nuclear measures).
• Context and implementation details: The SWD describes concrete enforcement actions and timelines: first two antitrust guidance letters issued in 2025; DMA enforcement including specification decisions and fines (Apple EUR 500 million, Meta EUR 200 million in April 2025); 99 concentrations notified under the FSR in 2025 (example: ADNOC/Covestro commitments adopted 14 Nov 2025); the Commission adopted CISAF on 25 June 2025 and issued accompanying staff work on 4 Nov 2025. It also records recovery figures (EUR 39.8 billion recovered; EUR 6.2 billion outstanding) and estimated direct customer savings EUR 12.4–21.9 billion for 2025 enforcement.